Pokorny's dictionary : List with all references

Number: 1683

Root: sem-3

English meaning: summer

German meaning: `Sommer'

Grammatical comments: (Gen. s_em-ós)

Derivatives: mit Erweiterung zum ā-St. s_emā; r-St. *s_em_er-

Material: Ai. sámā f. `Halbjahr, Jahreszeit, Jahr' (= arm. am), āi-ṣá-mah `heuer' (wohl aus einem Lok. *āi-samāi umgebildet, s. oben S. 286); av. ham- `Sommer'; arm. am `Jahr' (= ai. sámā), amaṙn `Sommer' (*s_em_erom); air. sam (*semo-) und samrad (*s_emo-rōto-, oben S. 866), cymr. corn. haf, bret. hañv `Sommer'; cymr. hafod `Sommerhaus', bret. havreg `Brachfeld', mir. samad m. `Ampfer'; gall. samon[ios] `Sommermonat', samolus `Sauerklee', samara `Ulmensamen'; fern bleibt der ibero-rom. Fischname samauca (Hubschmid. Rom. Phil. 8, 12 f.); ahd. sumar, ags. sumor m., aisl. sumar n. `Sommer'; als `einjährige Tiere' aisl. simull `(einjähriger) Ochs', simi, simir ds., norw. simla `Renntierkuh' (idg. sem-), schwed. somel `Renntierkalb'.

References: WP. II 492 f.

Pages: 905

PIE database: PIE database

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *sam-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: summer, year

Tokharian: A ṣme 'summer', B ṣmāye 'pertaining to summer' (PT *ṣmiye or *ṣamo) (Adams 668)

Old Indian: sámā f. `a half-year, season, weather, year'

Avestan: ham- 'Sommer'

Armenian: am `Jahr', amarrn `Sommer'

Germanic: *sum-ar-a- n., m.

Celtic: OIr sam (st. samo-), samrad; Cymr, Corn haf, Bret hañv `Sommer'

Russ. meaning: лето, год

References: WP II 492 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *sumara-n, -z

Meaning: summer

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: sumar n., sumar-r m.

Swedish: sommar

Old English: sumor (-er, -ur), -es m. `summer'

English: summer

Old Frisian: sumur

Old Saxon: sumar

Middle Dutch: sōmer m.

Dutch: zomer m.

Middle Low German: sōmer, sommer

Old High German: sumar (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: sumer st. m. 'sommer'

German: Sommer

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sUŋV ( ~ z-, ʒ-)

Meaning: summer

Indo-European: *sem-

Uralic: *suŋe

Dravidian: *sōn- (??)

Uralic etymology :

Number: 926

Proto: *suŋe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: summer ( < *time of melting)

German meaning: Sommer (< *eine milde Jahreszeit, Tauwetter; tauen (Schnee))

Finnish: suvi (gen. suven) 'Sommer; dial. Tauwetter, Süd, Südwind, Frühling', suviyö 'Sommernacht' ( > Saam. N suv(v)iggjâ 'each of the three "summer nights")

Estonian: suvi (gen. suve) 'Sommer'

Saam (Lapp): sâgŋâ- -ŋ- (N) 'be thawed, become ice free', sɛ̮̄ŋŋα- (Kld.), sɛ̮̀ŋŋα- (Not.) 'abschmelzen, auftauen', sâŋâs -gŋ- (N) 'thawed, free from ice or snow'

Khanty (Ostyak): lŏŋ (V O), jŏŋ (Vj.), tŏŋ (DN) 'Sommer', lŏŋi̮m (V), jŏŋi̮m (Vj.) 'schneefreie Stelle', лŏŋam (Kaz.) 'schneefrei'

Mansi (Vogul): toj (TJ), tuj (LU), tuw (So.) 'Sommer', tujǝɣ (P), tuji (So.) 'im Sommer'

Nenets (Yurak): tāʔ (O), tanʔ (P) 'Sommer', taŋā (Sjo.) 'es ist Nachsommer'

Enets (Yen): tô (Ch. B) 'Sommer', tojio (Ch.), toe (B) 'sommerlich'; tonoju 'im Sommer'

Nganasan (Tawgi): taŋa 'Sommer'

Selkup: taang (Ta.), tagi (Ke.), tagî, tagi, taî (N), taŋi̮ (Tur.)

Kamass: taŋa, taŋǝ̑

Janhunen's version: (48) *suŋi6

Sammalahti's version: *suŋi6

Addenda: Koib. t́aʔga; Mot. d́aʔgan; Karag. дана́

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *sōn-

Meaning : rain, drizzle, rainclouds

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *sōn-ai

Proto-Telugu : *sōn- (?)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *sōn-ai

Meaning : incessant rain, drizzle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cōn_ai

Tamil meaning : dark moisture-laden clouds, incessant downpour of rain, constant drizzle from clouds gathering on hilltops

Tamil derivates : cōn_am cloud; cōn_ā-māri incessant rain

Kannada : sōne

Kannada meaning : a thin, light but long-continued rain, incessant drizzle, incessant rain

Number in DED : 2899